{"id":1668,"date":"2014-01-21T06:45:22","date_gmt":"2014-01-21T06:45:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/?p=1668"},"modified":"2019-08-15T11:39:08","modified_gmt":"2019-08-15T11:39:08","slug":"sai-lam-nguy-hiem-trong-mua-cum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/?p=1668","title":{"rendered":"Sai l\u1ea7m nguy hi\u1ec3m trong m\u00f9a c\u00fam"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
Sai l\u1ea7m nguy hi\u1ec3m trong m\u00f9a c\u00fam.<\/u>
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00f9a c\u00fam \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa trong n\u0103m. M\u00f9a c\u00fam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta \u0111i ch\u1ee7ng ng\u1eeba. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb c\u00fam n\u1eb7ng, g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb<\/td>\n		[adsense]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
250,000 \u0111\u1ebfn 500,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed vong. Ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u00ednh ra c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 111 tri\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i trong m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a c\u00fam do c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 7 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n

H\u00ecnh b\u00ean tr\u00e1i cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c ch\u00edch ng\u1eeba t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ch\u00edch ng\u1eeba c\u00fam.
\nC\u00fam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m r\u1ea5t hay l\u00e2y g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n. B\u1ec7nh c\u00fam lan nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh khi ho ho\u1eb7c h\u1eaft h\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. B\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong. Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7ng ng\u1eeba c\u00fam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh c\u00fam, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao y th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef ni\u1ec1m tin sai l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh – nh\u01b0 amoxicillin v\u00e0 azithromycin – l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ec7nh c\u00fam. V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng chi\u1ec1u theo \u00fd b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xin toa thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh, m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00f5: khi ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u00fam, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i \u00c2u ch\u00e2u cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m cho r\u1eb1ng “thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh” c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh c\u00fam. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef “thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh” hay “thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “tr\u1ee5 sinh” l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “kh\u00e1ng” g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y tr\u1eeb – kh\u00e1ng vi tr\u00f9ng, kh\u00e1ng vi khu\u1ea9n, kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u00dac \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh hay thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi tr\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n. C\u00fam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m do vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ra. Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh c\u00fam, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00ec ba l\u00fd do.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ebfm hoi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng vi tr\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i 1 trong 10,000 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, thu\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n 1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau cho nhu c\u1ea7u thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh, c\u00e1c vi tr\u00f9ng y\u1ebfu b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n sinh s\u00f4i d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh b\u1ecb l\u1eddn tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t khi thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong l\u00fac ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng g\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00e2u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh d\u00f9ng ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u00fam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u RAND cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 k\u00ea toa thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh cho tr\u1ebb em n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 \u0111ang mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e3ng v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2002 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Antibiotiques c’est pas automatique” (Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh).<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u01a1 quan Trung T\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng Ng\u1eeba B\u1ec7nh T\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u00f3 t\u00ean “Kh\u00f4n \u0111i: Bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3” t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u00ean 41 tri\u1ec7u toa thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh trong c\u00e1c toa thu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c toa thu\u1ed1c cho tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0103n m\u1eebng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c toa thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh cho b\u1ec7nh c\u00fam, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh m\u1ed7i khi b\u1ecb c\u00fam. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u00f9a c\u00fam, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1c s\u0129 k\u00ea c\u00e1c tao thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec h\u1ebft – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sai l\u1ea7m nguy hi\u1ec3m trong m\u00f9a c\u00fam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00f9a c\u00fam \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa trong n\u0103m. M\u00f9a c\u00fam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta \u0111i ch\u1ee7ng … \u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1668"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1668"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1668\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dientoan.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}